Identification and characterization of Colletotrichum fructicola causing black spots on young fruits related to bitter rot of pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.) in China

In recent years, Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd. var. ‘Suli’ has been damaged by a disease characterized by the presence of black spots on young fruit in China, which was always followed by severe bitter rot on matured fruits. The etiology of these symptoms and their relationship with the bitter rot was unknown. A colony was routinely isolated from young and matured ‘Suli’ pear fruits showing black spots and rot symptoms, respectively. This fungal colony was identified as Colletotrichum fructicola based on morphological characteristics and DNA sequence data of 7 regions. C. fructicola was confirmed to be capable of eliciting both black spots and bitter rot symptoms by completion of Koch's Postulates. The results suggested that the disease characterized by the presence of black spots on young fruits is indeed an early stage of the bitter rot observed on matured fruits of ‘Suli’ pear. Variety resistance analysis indicated an obvious resistance variation possessed by the pear varieties generally cultured in China, with black spots only occurring on some pear varieties. Our results also indicated that wounding can break the quiescent infections, enhance the infectivity of C. fructicola, and lead to more rapid rot of young and matured fruits. These results provided a clear clue that C. fructicola can invade some varieties of P. bretschneideri Rehd. directly without entry via wounds, but subsequently turned into quiescent infection and causing black spots on the fruit surface. The quiescent infection acts as a pathogenic factor responsible for bitter rot of matured fruits. The influence of temperature and pH conditions for growth and colony morphology of C. fructicola were also evaluated. The characterization of C. fructicola causing bitter rot of pear (P. bretschneideri) is expected to provide useful information for controlling this economically important disease.     

桃褐腐病菌抗药性分子机理研究进展

桃褐腐病是严重危害桃生产的重要病害之一。在实际生产中,该病害的控制主要以化学防治为主。由于杀菌剂的大量使用,桃褐腐病菌已对几类常用的杀菌剂产生了不同程度的抗药性。本文就桃褐腐病菌(Moniliniaspp.)对生产上使用的几大类杀菌剂的抗药性情况及抗药性分子机制研究进展进行简单概述和分析,以供国内同行借鉴与参考。     

湖北省黄连叶斑病病原鉴定及其生物学特性

为明确湖北省黄连叶斑病病原菌种类及其生物学特性,采用常规组织分离法获得病原菌菌株HL-1,通过形态学特征并结合基于ITS序列分析对菌株进行鉴定,并研究该病原菌的生物学特性,用生长速率法测定了6种杀菌剂对该病原菌菌丝生长的抑制作用。结果表明,黄连叶斑病病原菌分生孢子器黑褐色,大小为100.5~120.0μm×175.3~210.0μm;分生孢子无色,单孢,大小为2.0~2.5μm×4.1~5.4μm;该菌株ITS序列系统发育进化分析结果表明,其与耧斗菜茎点霉Phoma aquilegiicola(HM222537.1)的同源性为100%,通过形态学特征及分子鉴定结果确定该菌株为耧斗菜茎点霉。该病原菌在4~25℃内均能生长,最适温度为20℃;不同光照条件对病原菌生长的影响无显著差异;在供试碳(氮)源中病原菌对麦芽糖和蛋白胨的利用效果最好;菌丝的致死温度为50℃、10 min。供试6种药剂中10%苯醚甲环唑对病原菌菌丝生长的抑制效果最好,其EC_(50)最小,为0.03μg/mL。